Archive for the ‘The Commons’ Category

Historical photographs on Flickr — a breakthrough

Sunday, January 20th, 2008

Photo: David Bransby - Woman aircraft worker, Vega Aircraft Corporation, Burbank, Calif. Shown checking electrical assemblies (LOC)

The photograph above was taken in 1942 by David Bransby. It shows a worker at the Vega Aircraft Corporation in Burbank, California. It has been made available on Flickr by the US Library of Congress as a pilot project where users can add tags to and comment the pictures. And it’s definitively a hit. The photos have just been online for a few days, but already many of them have been viewed thousands of times, and the flickerati are busy tagging and commenting (UPDATE: details on the Flickr blog). Popularity among users is important in itself. Many cultural institutions — museums, archives, libraries, broadcasters — have been working for years digitising their collections, but are they reaching the audiences? Cooperating with a big, user-enthusiast-driven site like Flickr is obviously a brilliant way of making a cultural treasure known. But the project tackles another important issue as well. Librarians are currently discussing (link to story in Norwegian) whether to allow users/readers to add tags to the otherwise strictly controlled catalogue system. Library of Congress has decided to give it a try, and it’ll be exciting to see where the experiment goes.

Meanwhile, the photos published on Flickr are without known copyright restrictions, so there is no reason not to display such gems as the one below — photographed in 1942 in Colorado by Andreas Feininger — on your own blog.

Photo: Andreas Feininger, View near Creede, Colo(?), 1942 (LOC)

Crimes of War anthology — essential

Tuesday, December 18th, 2007

The Crimes of War Project has published a new version of the already essential and classic anthology simply titled “Crimes of War: What the Public Should Know”. From the press release:

The book is an A-Z guide to the laws of war and their application in today’ls world, written by some of the world’ls leading journalists and scholars, in clear and compelling language. The revised edition includes detailed coverage of all recent developments and controversies, including the “war on terror,” Iraq, Darfur and the rise of international courts and tribunals.

The new edition includes articles on Afghanistan, Occupation, Detention and Interrogation, Guantanamo. Best of all, the book’s articles are also online, so the knowledge has been made easily available. You have to buy the book to see the photographs, and it’s worth it as many of the world’s best photojournalists have contributed.

Radical move from Der Spiegel

Monday, December 17th, 2007

Der Spiegel follows the example set by The NYT and The Economist. But the Hamburgers go even further. Starting next year, the complete archive of Der Spiegel since it was launched by Rudolf Augstein & co in 1947 will be freely available online, says Netzeitung/dpa, the stories from the latest edition of the magazine being the only exception, as Spiegel explains.

The free archive will be part of a new knowledge portal, Spiegel Wissen, where free encyclopedia material and dictionaries will be found next to the Spiegel archive. This is a cooperation with Bertelsmann. The whole show will be financed by advertising. Take into account the already existing history portal Eines Tages as well, and there is no doubt — the news magazine is Germany’s most innovative “old” media company and would rank high internationally as well.

Test: German Wikipedia better than encyclopedia

Saturday, December 8th, 2007

German magazine Stern has tested the German language version of Wikipedia against the online version (for subscribers) of the encyclopedia Brockhaus. 50 random words were picked from a range of topics and a professional research agency evaluated the entries. Wikipedia came out on top in no less than 43 of the 50 words.

The whole 13-page (!) article is not online, but Wikipedistik (in German) has more details. The criteria were: accuracy (weight 40 percent), completeness (30), topicality/up to date (20), intelligibility/easy to understand (10). Out of this notes were constructed, and Wikipedia received on average 1,7, Brockhaus 2,7 (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is best). (via the Wikimedia fundraising blog).

UPDATE after reading the whole article:

The only criteria where Brockhaus became a better note was for “Verständlichkeit” — i.e. how easy the text is to understand. That is of course a structural problem for Wikipedia that has been noted by many. Articles tend to suffer from a lack of editing. They are often too long, some aspects are described in too much detail, there is no real narrative flow. Theoretically this should improve over time. If it really is true that Wikipedia will run out of new topics, contributors could spend time on improving editing, adding references etc to existing articles. However, the big encouragement that (German) Wikipedians must bring with them from this test is that their articles got the excellent note 1,6 on accuracy (Brockhaus: 2,3). That really is impressive.

German broadcasters get Creative Commons

Monday, November 26th, 2007

cc5berlin.jpg

On December 14 Creative Commons celebrates five years already (parties in Berlin and San Francisco. So German public service broadcaster NDR has the timing right, last week they started an experiment that should be followed by many: they have Creative Commons-licensed material from two TV shows. Although the presentation isn’t as good as it could be, it’s exciting to read comments like this from a broadcasting director:

The content we provide on the web has been paid by our visitors via the licence fee already. Since we mainly reach a younger audience on the web, the use of a creative commons license is especially interesting for us.

(via Lessig blog).

Quality in Wikipedia: what scientists can do

Wednesday, September 12th, 2007

“Wikipedia isn’t generally useless, but its usefulness is rather limited, especially when one needs information that can be trusted,” Norwegian Associate Professor of philosophy Lars Fr. H. Svendsen claimed this week.

I’m afraid this is a representative attitude among Norwegian scientists and scholars to Wikipedia, if they have an attitude at all. Wikipedia is kept at arm’s length. A study would probably find that few of them know how Wikipedia is edited and how the process of quality control works.

More constructive approaches are possible. German public service broadcaster ZDF reports from a seminar called “Wikipedia-Academy” in Mainz on how some humanities scholars in that country engage with Wikipedia (the German language version is the second largest overall). Translator of literature Josef Winiger (64) received a prize from the German Wikipedia community for his work on the article about the philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach. Now there’s a challenge for Svendsen and his colleagues.

In another ZDF article, Professor Peter Wippermann says that the scholars in reality need Wikipedia more than the encyclopedia needs them. The humanities are facing a growing legitimation pressure — the ivory towers that scholars can retreat to are getting ever more scarce. Because of that, scholars in the humanities need to market their knowledge through Wikipedia, he says: At Wikipedia they can legitimate themselves again and give something back to society. (Thanks to Daniel for the tip).

UPDATE: Svendsen’s article is being discussed at the Tinget (Village Pump) page of no-Wikipedia.

Blog Action Day: October 15

Saturday, September 8th, 2007

I like the simplicity of this initiative: mobilize as many bloggers as possible to write about the same topic on the same day. The environment is the chosen issue, and the organizers do not try to push a specific environmental agenda. Thus they avoid the controversy that would come with an activist approach, but might instead achieve more in terms of attention and awareness. Is this one of the ways to organize a global public sphere? Good luck!

Wikimania 2007

Friday, August 3rd, 2007

The yearly Wikimedia/Wikipedia conference Wikimania is underway in Taipei this weekend. Looks like the participants have put together an impressive menu.

Blogging still fresh after all these years?

Sunday, July 15th, 2007

“It is crystal clear to me now that at least in industries where lots of people are online, blogging is the single best way to communicate and interact, Marc Andreessen concludes after five weeks’ experience with blogging.

Strong and encouraging stuff from the Netscape founder! Nowadays, you are more likely to hear people groaning about blogging or just dismissing the format as “very 2003″ or something equally original. Thankfully, the Wall Street Journal reinforces the Andreessen effect with a 10 years blogiversary celebration. (10 years? Yes, in a few months, anyway. As Tunku Varadarajan notes, the consensus is – as far as that is possible – that the blog term was coined by Jorn Barger in December 1997. But of course the blog format was in the incubator from day 1 of the www age. Andreessen himself mentions that he updated a page in 1993 that looks suspiciously like a classic link blog!)

The WSJ has polled an impressive gang of ten about their favourite blogs and relation to blogging, thereby finagling a selection of views and topics that together form a varied panorama. Take Elizabeth Spiers’ precise definition of criteria for a successful blog:

Of the various blogs I’ve written or produced, the ones that worked best — the ones that had the biggest and most loyal readerships — always had a few consistent qualities. They were topically focused, often in niche areas. They published regularly and frequently, typically during office hours and several times a day. They published content that was original or difficult to find, from breaking news to proprietary photographs to obscure links that readers are unlikely to find on their own. They were usually well-written, which has its own intrinsic appeal for anyone who prefers to enjoy what they’re reading. And lastly, they engaged their readership by soliciting feedback and responding to it, in the form of asking for tips, allowing comments or otherwise demonstrating some level of interest in their audience’s preferences.

But all ten of them are worth reading, of course also my old favourite Tom Wolfe’s (unusually taciturn) dismissal of all things “user-generated”.

Global stardom in the making

Wednesday, June 20th, 2007

Hans Rosling is already well known by many for his incredible presentations using the Gapminder tool (which was acquired by Google). Now here is his first GapCast which deals with “Health, money and sex in Sweden” in a historical perspective. Rosling has the perfect combination of personality, knowledge and tools to become a Global Celebrity Educator, if such a thing can be imagined. A web era David Attenborough? (via mymarkup):

Norwegians want Paris, not Hilton

Sunday, June 17th, 2007

Yes, it looks that way if you compare the top 100 read articles in the English and the Norwegian (bokmål) Wikipedia, as I’ve done in a piece for ABC Nyheter (in Norwegian). The starting point was Anselm Spoerri’s First Monday research article on what is popular in Wikipedia and why. I compared his results with a simple count of what’s been on the Norwegian top 100 in March-May this year, according to Wikicharts. Here’s the result:

novsenwikipedia.jpg Olav A. Øvrebø

(Spoerri’s method is of course more elaborate, but I don’t think that matters in this context).

The article tries to explain the difference. Some ideas: The much smaller Norwegian community has concentrated on producing a decent encyclopedia, which means focusing on the must-have geography articles first. Then there are search patterns, where some searches for celebrities produce English-language articles before Norwegian in the results list. That Norwegians should be inherently more interested in geography than entertainment has to be doubted…

UPDATE: The WSJ wikigroans.

Al Gore: “Networked democracy is taking hold. You can feel it”

Friday, May 25th, 2007

From Al Gore’s new book, The Assault on Reason:

Fortunately, the Internet has the potential to revitalize the role played by the people in our constitutional framework. It has extremely low entry barriers for individuals. It is the most interactive medium in history and the one with the greatest potential for connecting individuals to one another and to a universe of knowledge. It’s a platform for pursuing the truth, and the decentralized creation and distribution of ideas, in the same way that markets are a decentralized mechanism for the creation and distribution of goods and services. It’s a platform, in other words, for reason. But the Internet must be developed and protected, in the same way we develop and protect markets-through the establishment of fair rules of engagement and the exercise of the rule of law. The same ferocity that our Founders devoted to protect the freedom and independence of the press is now appropriate for our defense of the freedom of the Internet. The stakes are the same: the survival of our Republic. We must ensure that the Internet remains open and accessible to all citizens without any limitation on the ability of individuals to choose the content they wish regardless of the Internet service provider they use to connect to the Web. We cannot take this future for granted. We must be prepared to fight for it, because of the threat of corporate consolidation and control over the Internet marketplace of ideas. (…) The democratization of knowledge by the print medium brought the Enlightenment. Now, broadband interconnection is supporting decentralized processes that reinvigorate democracy. We can see it happening before our eyes: As a society, we are getting smarter. Networked democracy is taking hold. You can feel it. We the people-as Lincoln put it, “even we here”-are collectively still the key to the survival of America’s democracy. (From a Time excerpt.)

Highly recommended is Time’s analytical portrait. See also NYT book review.

UPDATE: Al Gore on The Daily Show.

Cultural arms race

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Researching a story on how cities and communities in Norway redefine and reorient themselves by funding culture-based initiatives, I stumbled across the conflict playing out over Glasgow’s future. Today the think-tank Demos published a report called The Dreaming City, by their own words “an experiment to open up Glasgow’ls future to the mass imagination of its citizens.” Among the conclusions, reported by the BBC:

The report argued that recent UK urban regeneration was based on an unsustainable ‘cultural arms race’, with cities competing against each other to attract investment and tourism.

The Glasgow city council didn’t really like the report, and a spokesman called it “bizarre” and an insult to the city’s people.

Demos’ approach is anyway interesting: They have involved citizens in a storytelling project, claiming that it is the first attempt to imagine the future of a city in this way. As more and more cities try to find the right role for culture and “creative industries”, the issue of legitimacy and popular participation is certainly important to consider. A one-sided top-down approach by elites in love with the Bilbao story would be the least advisable…

Public service broadcasting – online future or no future

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

How can and should public service broadcasting redefine itself in the online era? That was the topic discussed by media scholars from several European countries at a seminar in Bergen a few weeks ago. Now a documentation of the event has been published by Vox Publica, a web magazine edited at the University of Bergen (I’m project manager/editor). The introductory article outlines the different approaches that were debated, and you’ll find links there to seven articles, one for each contribution, with a text summary plus audio recording and slideshows from most of the participants. Hopefully this can inspire the ongoing debates about public service broadcasting across national borders in Europe.

Hva skjer med Creative Commons i Norge?

Monday, March 26th, 2007

Creative Commons (CC) ble lansert i desember 2002. I dag er dette systemet for fleksibel og smart forvaltning av opphavsrettigheter i en digital tidsalder til stede i over 30 land, deriblant Sverige, Danmark og Finland. Det betyr at de ulike lisensene rettighetshavere kan utstyre verkene sine med er oversatt og tilpasset vedkommende lands lovgivning.

Men hvorfor er ikke Norge kommet med i dette selskapet? Den norske arbeidsgruppen opererte en gang med lanseringsdato oktober 2005, men etter det er det ikke satt noen ny dato, slik det også fremgår av Creative Commons’ internasjonale oversikt. Den norske nettsiden ser heller ikke ut til å være oppdatert på nærmere et år.

En grunn til at det haster litt med å få fortgang i dette arbeidet, er at CC-tilnærmingen til regulering av opphavsrettigheter er høyere på den kulturpolitiske dagsordenen enn noensinne i Norge. I det omstridte prosjektet Nasjonal digital læringsarena (NDLA) arbeides det eksplisitt med slike lisenser. Her fra prosjektplanen:

Det er avgjørende at alle bidragsytere har klare rammer og forventinger tilknyttet opphavsrett. Innhold produsert av fagredaksjonen, og i fagnett, skal produseres under åpen lisensiering. Det vil i praksis si at hver enkelt bidragsyter vil gi frivillig erklæring rundt opphavsrett. I den vil det gå frem at innhold de har opphavsrett til, fritt skal kunne deles, endres, kopieres og viderebehandles av andre. Dette kan sammenlignes med måten fri og åpen programvare lisensieres i dag. Rammeverket Creative Commons (creativecommons.org) vil kunne gi et utgangspunkt for en slik avtale. Dette vil også gi et grunnlag for hvordan NDLA vil forholde seg til annet offentlig produsert innhold som ligger åpent på nett. På samme måte vil en her inngå avtaler med partene som sitter med opphavsrett.

Det går kanskje an å bruke Creative Commons selv om lisensene ikke er tilpasset norsk lovverk, slike jeg og mange andre bloggere gjør, og slik vi har eksperimentert med i Vox Publica. Men det blir antakelig langt lettere å ta CC seriøst i betraktning når det er lansert i Norge. Som kjent er det nok av motkrefter, slik Eirik Newth og andre har erfart. Det trengs åpenbart også en åpen diskusjon om hvordan CC kan brukes. Kopinors direktør sa nylig dette da Klassekampen tok opp saken:

Verk lisensiert under Creative Commons som kan kopieres fritt til ikke-kommersiell bruk, vil ikke generere inntekter fra utdanning og offentlig administrasjon. Derfor vil det bli færre midler å dele ut til stipender og vederlag hvis denne typen lisenser blir vanlig.

Ja, men her er det ikke enten-eller. Det er lite trolig at CC-lisensiering vil overta fullstendig. CC gir en mulighet til å forvalte rettigheter effektivt innenfor typisk ikke-kommersielle anvendelsesområder som utdanningssektoren, med store gevinster for samfunnet som helhet ved at kunnskap blir gjort tilgjengelig på en mer hensiktsmessig måte. Dessverre ser det foreløpig ut til at det etablerte kulturindustrielle komplekset rundt forfatterforeninger, Kopinor etc. har bestemt seg for å føre krig fremfor å diskutere.

OPPDATERING: Eirik Newth snakket om Creative Commons på Dagsnytt Atten tirsdag 27. mars. Kan høres på NRKs nettradio ved å gå til programmets side og finne rett dato. Det er det siste innslaget etter ca. 50 minutter (Dagsnytt Atten finnes også som podkast).