Archive for the ‘The Commons’ Category

Al Gore: “Networked democracy is taking hold. You can feel it”

Friday, May 25th, 2007

From Al Gore’s new book, The Assault on Reason:

Fortunately, the Internet has the potential to revitalize the role played by the people in our constitutional framework. It has extremely low entry barriers for individuals. It is the most interactive medium in history and the one with the greatest potential for connecting individuals to one another and to a universe of knowledge. It’s a platform for pursuing the truth, and the decentralized creation and distribution of ideas, in the same way that markets are a decentralized mechanism for the creation and distribution of goods and services. It’s a platform, in other words, for reason. But the Internet must be developed and protected, in the same way we develop and protect markets-through the establishment of fair rules of engagement and the exercise of the rule of law. The same ferocity that our Founders devoted to protect the freedom and independence of the press is now appropriate for our defense of the freedom of the Internet. The stakes are the same: the survival of our Republic. We must ensure that the Internet remains open and accessible to all citizens without any limitation on the ability of individuals to choose the content they wish regardless of the Internet service provider they use to connect to the Web. We cannot take this future for granted. We must be prepared to fight for it, because of the threat of corporate consolidation and control over the Internet marketplace of ideas. (…) The democratization of knowledge by the print medium brought the Enlightenment. Now, broadband interconnection is supporting decentralized processes that reinvigorate democracy. We can see it happening before our eyes: As a society, we are getting smarter. Networked democracy is taking hold. You can feel it. We the people-as Lincoln put it, “even we here”-are collectively still the key to the survival of America’s democracy. (From a Time excerpt.)

Highly recommended is Time’s analytical portrait. See also NYT book review.

UPDATE: Al Gore on The Daily Show.

Cultural arms race

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Researching a story on how cities and communities in Norway redefine and reorient themselves by funding culture-based initiatives, I stumbled across the conflict playing out over Glasgow’s future. Today the think-tank Demos published a report called The Dreaming City, by their own words “an experiment to open up Glasgow’ls future to the mass imagination of its citizens.” Among the conclusions, reported by the BBC:

The report argued that recent UK urban regeneration was based on an unsustainable ‘cultural arms race’, with cities competing against each other to attract investment and tourism.

The Glasgow city council didn’t really like the report, and a spokesman called it “bizarre” and an insult to the city’s people.

Demos’ approach is anyway interesting: They have involved citizens in a storytelling project, claiming that it is the first attempt to imagine the future of a city in this way. As more and more cities try to find the right role for culture and “creative industries”, the issue of legitimacy and popular participation is certainly important to consider. A one-sided top-down approach by elites in love with the Bilbao story would be the least advisable…

Public service broadcasting – online future or no future

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

How can and should public service broadcasting redefine itself in the online era? That was the topic discussed by media scholars from several European countries at a seminar in Bergen a few weeks ago. Now a documentation of the event has been published by Vox Publica, a web magazine edited at the University of Bergen (I’m project manager/editor). The introductory article outlines the different approaches that were debated, and you’ll find links there to seven articles, one for each contribution, with a text summary plus audio recording and slideshows from most of the participants. Hopefully this can inspire the ongoing debates about public service broadcasting across national borders in Europe.

Hva skjer med Creative Commons i Norge?

Monday, March 26th, 2007

Creative Commons (CC) ble lansert i desember 2002. I dag er dette systemet for fleksibel og smart forvaltning av opphavsrettigheter i en digital tidsalder til stede i over 30 land, deriblant Sverige, Danmark og Finland. Det betyr at de ulike lisensene rettighetshavere kan utstyre verkene sine med er oversatt og tilpasset vedkommende lands lovgivning.

Men hvorfor er ikke Norge kommet med i dette selskapet? Den norske arbeidsgruppen opererte en gang med lanseringsdato oktober 2005, men etter det er det ikke satt noen ny dato, slik det også fremgår av Creative Commons’ internasjonale oversikt. Den norske nettsiden ser heller ikke ut til å være oppdatert på nærmere et år.

En grunn til at det haster litt med å få fortgang i dette arbeidet, er at CC-tilnærmingen til regulering av opphavsrettigheter er høyere på den kulturpolitiske dagsordenen enn noensinne i Norge. I det omstridte prosjektet Nasjonal digital læringsarena (NDLA) arbeides det eksplisitt med slike lisenser. Her fra prosjektplanen:

Det er avgjørende at alle bidragsytere har klare rammer og forventinger tilknyttet opphavsrett. Innhold produsert av fagredaksjonen, og i fagnett, skal produseres under åpen lisensiering. Det vil i praksis si at hver enkelt bidragsyter vil gi frivillig erklæring rundt opphavsrett. I den vil det gå frem at innhold de har opphavsrett til, fritt skal kunne deles, endres, kopieres og viderebehandles av andre. Dette kan sammenlignes med måten fri og åpen programvare lisensieres i dag. Rammeverket Creative Commons (creativecommons.org) vil kunne gi et utgangspunkt for en slik avtale. Dette vil også gi et grunnlag for hvordan NDLA vil forholde seg til annet offentlig produsert innhold som ligger åpent på nett. På samme måte vil en her inngå avtaler med partene som sitter med opphavsrett.

Det går kanskje an å bruke Creative Commons selv om lisensene ikke er tilpasset norsk lovverk, slike jeg og mange andre bloggere gjør, og slik vi har eksperimentert med i Vox Publica. Men det blir antakelig langt lettere å ta CC seriøst i betraktning når det er lansert i Norge. Som kjent er det nok av motkrefter, slik Eirik Newth og andre har erfart. Det trengs åpenbart også en åpen diskusjon om hvordan CC kan brukes. Kopinors direktør sa nylig dette da Klassekampen tok opp saken:

Verk lisensiert under Creative Commons som kan kopieres fritt til ikke-kommersiell bruk, vil ikke generere inntekter fra utdanning og offentlig administrasjon. Derfor vil det bli færre midler å dele ut til stipender og vederlag hvis denne typen lisenser blir vanlig.

Ja, men her er det ikke enten-eller. Det er lite trolig at CC-lisensiering vil overta fullstendig. CC gir en mulighet til å forvalte rettigheter effektivt innenfor typisk ikke-kommersielle anvendelsesområder som utdanningssektoren, med store gevinster for samfunnet som helhet ved at kunnskap blir gjort tilgjengelig på en mer hensiktsmessig måte. Dessverre ser det foreløpig ut til at det etablerte kulturindustrielle komplekset rundt forfatterforeninger, Kopinor etc. har bestemt seg for å føre krig fremfor å diskutere.

OPPDATERING: Eirik Newth snakket om Creative Commons på Dagsnytt Atten tirsdag 27. mars. Kan høres på NRKs nettradio ved å gå til programmets side og finne rett dato. Det er det siste innslaget etter ca. 50 minutter (Dagsnytt Atten finnes også som podkast).

Web 2.0 ABC

Thursday, February 8th, 2007

Fine pedagogical job by Mike Wesch! (via The Long Tail). UPDATE: Inside HigherEd has an interview with Wesch:

Wesch said the video is meant to remind the programmers and techies that they have a “profound impact on societies” with their ability to write open source software. He said it’ls also intended to remind the policy wonks and politicians who debate Internet privacy and copyrighting that “the media we are responding to is constantly changing.”

With this little video, Wesch has established himself as one of the new media auteurs. As others have experienced, creativity and originality can get you somewhere – very fast.

Public video

Tuesday, January 30th, 2007

For Scandinavian readers: I have interviewed Jon Hoem for Vox Publica about how public institutions and public service broadcasting can increase participation and debate by allowing users to download and edit video. It’s a follow-up to an article Jon wrote about practice, rules and regulation concerning the copying, quoting and remixing of video material.

Judges love Wikipedia, too

Tuesday, January 30th, 2007

US courts have cited Wikipedia in more than 100 judicial rulings since the first such example in 2004, writes the New York Times. Wikipedia is fantastic, but should judges rely on it as a source for court decisions? Hm. That seems lazy. And as is pointed out in the story, at least there’s an inherent issue with the web that must be thought through when any web page is quoted as source: The contents of the page might change. With Wikipedia, it’s almost certain that it will change, on the other hand Wikipedia has a defining feature that the NYT story doesn’t explore – strangely. That’s the history page for each entry, where you can permalink to the version of the entry you prefer.

(Note by the way the new (?) NYT feature “Share” among the article tools, where you find the permalink to the NYT article, a link that will work after the story disappears into the pay-wall archive. Use this for blogging!). UPDATE: I misunderstood this feature. You should NOT use that permalink feature, because it results in the opposite – the story disappears behind the pay-wall! Instead, use the NYT link generator. I’ve corrected the link above.

Presidential tag cloud

Monday, January 29th, 2007

A great idea by Chirag Mehta: He’s generated tag clouds for State of the Union and other major presidential speeches. A fascinating way to look at political history. Could be something for the Norwegian Virksomme ord project.

Utter copyright confusion

Sunday, January 28th, 2007

Photo: Kåre Sandvik

This must be what the Germans call a “Lehrstück”: A photo taken by a German photographer is copied from Flickr and printed on the cover of a magazine published by a political youth organization in Norway. The photographer is not asked for permission or paid. Kåre Sandvik who lives in Bergen comes across the magazine and recognizes the photo from Flickr, snaps a picture of the cover with his cameraphone and uploads it to his own Flickr page. He informs the photographer Mareen Fischinger and the local paper writes up the story, here translated and photographed by Kåre. And Frau Fischinger sends the young conservatives at Unge Høyre a big bill.

No doubt Unge Høyre violated her copyright. The Flickr page states “© All rights reserved”, though that warning could definitely be more easily visible. But as Jon points out, there are lots and lots of photos on Flickr that are published with a Creative Commons license (Kåre’s photo republished on this entry is an example – he used the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 license). You can search specifically for these CC-licensed photos and other CC material on Creative Commons search. At the web magazine Vox Publica we have some experience now with finding and publishing such photos – here’s one example. We can do that because the magazine is non-commercial. It works OK when you get some experience, but the process of crediting the photographer is still much too tedious and manual. It would be excellent if it could be automated. That way maybe we could also start generating statistics of the use of such photos in this growing, non-commercial cultural scene.

Considering the Fischinger story, I couldn’t help but wonder if Bergens Tidende had cleared the republishing of her photo in print and on the web with her. Or do they think that the republishing can be justified as a “quotation” in a news story”? At least there’s no such information on the web article. If they had done that, it would have helped clear up some of the public confusion about copyright.

“Cure us of the reliance on authority” – Yochai Benkler interview

Friday, December 29th, 2006

Yochai Benkler’s book The Wealth of Networks is the best attempt so far at analyzing the developments that made Time Magazine dedicate its person of the year issue to YOU. Together with an email interview with Benkler the book has inspired several articles I have written the past few months (in Norwegian: about Wikipedia, future of the internet, the public sphere.) So in extended entry here – as part 3 of my “longest interview of the year-series”- is the whole unedited Benkler interview. Part 1 was with Daniel Drezner, part 2 with Jimmy Wales.

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